What is the subjunctive mood in French and when is it used?

The subjunctive mood in French grammar is used to express subjective actions, opinions, desires, doubts, or hypothetical situations. It often indicates uncertainty, necessity, emotion, or subjectivity in the speaker's mind. The subjunctive mood is used in various contexts, including:

1- Wishes and Desires: 

Expressing desires, wishes, or hopes.

Example: Je veux que tu viennes. (I want you to come.)

2- Commands and Requests: 

Making requests or giving commands.

Example: Il faut que tu fasses tes devoirs. (You need to do your homework.)

3- Emotions and Feelings: 

Expressing emotions, feelings, or reactions.

Example: Je suis content que tu sois là. (I'm glad you're here.)

4- Doubt and Uncertainty: 

Expressing doubt, uncertainty, or disbelief.

Example: Je doute qu'il soit sincère. (I doubt he is sincere.)

5- Impersonal Expressions: 

Following certain impersonal expressions that convey necessity, possibility, or doubt.

Example: Il est nécessaire que vous fassiez attention. (It is necessary for you to pay attention.)

6- Conjunctions: 

Following certain conjunctions that introduce clauses requiring the subjunctive mood.

Example: Avant que tu partes, il faut que nous parlions. (Before you leave, we need to talk.)

The subjunctive mood is formed by conjugating the verb differently, usually in the present tense, according to the subject and following certain rules. It is important to note that the subjunctive mood is less commonly used in everyday speech compared to other tenses and moods in French, but it is still crucial for expressing specific meanings and nuances in certain contexts.